THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL THOUGHT Part I

Political thought in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
3. Political thought

of the middle Ages
4. Political thought of the Renaissance
5. Political thought of the European Enlightenment

political views and concepts of past thinkers
All these theories not

only reflected the views of their authors, but also reflected the interests of large social groups
The political ideas of that time were closely linked with the philosophical, religious and ethical views of those thinkers

not do to others what you do not wish for

yourself”
“Ruler should be a ruler, the father as a father, the son as a son”

responsibilities among the members of society, like the division of

the family
State - it is a tool, a means of ensuring the good of the people and the necessary order
Pillar (ұстын/основа) of the state must be not an impersonal law, but the wisdom (даналық/мудрость) and virtue of the Ruler and cultured society of virtue (ізгіліктік/добродетель)

public and political life of ancient Greece promoted deep theoretical

foundation problems of the state, law and politics
The ancient Greek philosophers Plato (427-347 BC) and Aristotle (384-322 BC) created a holistic philosophical and political concepts that have influenced the development of the entire European political thought
Plato's goal is to create an ideal model of the state
Aristotle classified the real forms of government by providing them the most optimal and efficient policy

doctrine:
Mind (rulers)
Will (warriors)
Feeling (artisans and landowners)
Justice is what each does

his job and did not interfere in the affairs of others

and did not interfere in the affairs of others.
The political

system of government three parts:
• Legislative
• Administrative
• Court

is the one who offers four functions:
Military
Administrative
Judicial
Priestly

just live in despotic power, and for others need a

free political life
He identifies six forms of political structure: three correct (monarchy, aristocracy, polity) and three incorrect (tyranny, oligarchy, democracy)

Rome began the rise
Rome became a world power
Prominent (әйгілі/видный) member

of the Roman political thought was Cicero
He formulated the concept of the state
Cicero emphasized that the people is connected by an agreement on the rights and common interests

was characterized by the emergence, expansion and domination of feudalism
The

great influence on the spiritual life of society religion and church
The church at this time was to seek the influence and governance

he tried to spread the religious beliefs
As an advocate

of the theory of inequality and exploitation (эксплуатация), Aquinas believed that the laws established by God
He attributed to God's will and the existence of the monarchy in the world

power
The souls (жан/души) belong to the God, the Church and

the Pope
The church must control of over the state, science and art

the emergence of capitalism in Europe
This caused the development of

technology, science, cities, commerce and art
In contrast to the ideology of the medieval asceticism (renunciation of earthly pleasures for the sake of paradise in the hereafter) ideology of the emerging bourgeois class defending humanist (human) values

Free development
Expression of creativity (шығармашылық қабілеттер/творческие способности), etc.

of the theory of secular (non-religious) state
One of the main

functions of the state is the protection of private property
Machiavelli first draws attention to the ability of people to influence the government
The best form of government was republic

essentially marked the beginning of a new ideological and political

movement - utopian socialism

the struggle for power of the bourgeoisie, the bourgeois revolution

in England, Holland and France
One of the main problems in the political science of the time was the problem of relationship between the individual and the state

for legislative strengthening of freedom of opinion and actions of

the people, the rights of possession and disposition of property, guarantees against arbitrariness and etc.
State, established the free will of the people must protect their rights, freedoms, not guaranteed by the state of nature

(England),
G.Leybnits, I.Kant ( Germany)
A.I.Radischev, Decembrists (Russia)
Thomas Jefferson, T.Peyn

(USA)
Zh.Mele, G.Mabli Morelli, Denis Diderot, Voltaire and J.-J. Rousseau (France)