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Medical Talks in English
Содержание
- 1. Medical Talks in English
- 2. the most frequent wordsin medical English1
- 3. IS DEFINED ASОпределяется какPleural effusion is defined as excess fluid accumulation in pleural space
- 4. REFERS TOОтносится кUncomplicated UTI refers to acute
- 5. IS CHARACTERIZED BYХарактеризуется (чем-либо)COPD is characterized by airflow obstruction.
- 6. OCCURВстречаются, возникаютIn the US more than 700,000 cases of sepsis occur every year.
- 7. Affectпоражать, оказывать воздействиеThis disease affects 5-10% of
- 8. ARE DIVIDED INTOДелятся наGallbladder are divided into two major types: cholesterol stoned and pigment stones.
- 9. ARE CLASSIFIED INTOклассифицируется наGastrinomas are classified into
- 10. ARE CLASSIFIED ASКлассифицируются какStrategies for predicting and
- 11. FALL INTO (categories)Попадают в (категории)This drugs are fallen into four main categories.
- 12. clinical syndromesyou might meet in your practice2
- 13. A SYNDROME is: a set of medical signs and symptoms collection of
- 14. Acute Brain SyndromeWhat is Acute Brain Syndrome ? DeliriumConfusionDisorientation
- 15. Acute Brain SyndromeCauses: Brain injury due to traumaBreathing conditionsCardiovascular disordersDegenerative disordersInfections - Septicemia, Encephalitis or Meningitis
- 16. Слайд 16
- 17. Acute Brain SyndromeDiagnosis and Tests: Electroencephalography (EEG)Computed tomography (CT) Scan of BrainMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) BrainLumbar Puncture
- 18. Portal hypertensionPortal hypertension is hypertension in the hepatic portal system – made
- 19. Portal hypertensionPrehepatic causes:Portal vein thrombosisSplenic vein thrombosisArteriovenous fistulaSplenomegaly (increased portal blood flow)
- 20. Portal hypertensionHepatic causes:Cirrhosis of any cause.Primary sclerosing cholangitisChronic pancreatitisHereditary
- 21. Portal hypertensionPosthepatic causes:Inferior vena cava obstructionRight-sided heart
- 22. Portal hypertensionSigns and symptoms:AscitesIncreased spleen size (splenomegaly)
- 23. Слайд 23
- 24. Portal hypertensionDiagnosis:Ultrasonography (US): a dilated portal vein (diameter
- 25. Hepatopulmonary SyndromeWhat is a Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ? HPS is
- 26. Слайд 26
- 27. Слайд 27
- 28. Hepatopulmonary SyndromeCause(s) : Chronic and acute liver failure
- 29. Metabolic SyndromeWhat is a Metabolic Syndrome ? Metabolic
- 30. Metabolic SyndromeCause(s) : StressOverweight and obesityInactive or sedentary
- 31. Metabolic SyndromeSymptoms : Central obesity (abdominal obesity, visceral
- 32. Слайд 32
- 33. Metabolic SyndromeDiagnosis and Tests : Central obesity -
- 34. Malabsorption SyndromeWhat is a Malabsorption Syndrome ? A number
- 35. Malabsorption SyndromeCauses: Inflammation, disease or injury to the
- 36. Слайд 36
- 37. Malabsorption SyndromeSymptoms: Deficiency of certain nutrients cause specific
- 38. Meigs SyndromeWhat is a Meigs Syndrome ? Meigs
- 39. Meigs SyndromeCauses: UnknownSymptoms : FatigueDyspnea (difficulty in breathing) usually
- 40. Слайд 40
- 41. Premenstrual SyndromeWhat is a Premenstrual Syndrome ? The collection
- 42. Premenstrual Syndrome Emotional:Stress, anxiety, mood swingsCrying spellsFood cravingsInsomniaSocial
- 43. Reactive ArthritisWhat is a Reactive Arthritis ? Reactive Arthritis
- 44. Reactive ArthritisSymptoms : Arthritis symptoms: Pain, swelling, redness
- 45. Слайд 45
- 46. Drug withdrawalDrug withdrawal is the group of symptoms that occur
- 47. Drug withdrawalWithdrawal symptoms from opiates include anxiety,
- 48. Слайд 48
- 49. Munchausen SyndromeWhat is a Munchausen Syndrome ? A
- 50. Munchausen SyndromeCause(s) : Psychological disturbances due to abuse
- 51. Слайд 51
- 52. Munchausen SyndromeSymptoms : Inconsistent and dramatic medical historyUnclear
- 53. Pica SyndromeWhat is a Pica Syndrome? Pica disorder refers
- 54. Слайд 54
- 55. Restless Legs SyndromeWhat is a Restless Legs Syndrome? Restless
- 56. Restless Legs SyndromeSymptoms : About 40% of members
- 57. Restless Legs SyndromeDiagnosis and Tests : No specific
- 58. Serotonin SyndromeWhat is a Serotonin Syndrome ? A collection
- 59. Serotonin SyndromeSymptoms : Agitation or restlessnessDilated pupilsChanges in
- 60. Слайд 60
- 61. true goose-bump
- 62. Tumor Lysis SyndromeWhat is Tumor Lysis Syndrome ? A
- 63. Tumor Lysis SyndromeSymptoms : Hyperkalemia (High potassium levels
- 64. Great job! You’ve deserved to take a
- 65. Fake it until you make it.
- 66. Any questions?Hugs!
- 67. Скачать презентанцию
the most frequent wordsin medical English1
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 3IS DEFINED AS
Определяется как
Pleural effusion is defined as excess fluid
accumulation in pleural space
Слайд 4REFERS TO
Относится к
Uncomplicated UTI refers to acute cystitis or pyelonephritis
in non-pregnant outpatient woman without anatomic abnormalities or instrumentation of
the urinary tract.
Слайд 7Affect
поражать, оказывать воздействие
This disease affects 5-10% of the population.
It is
estimated than 15% of adults in the US are affected
by GERB.Interactions with drugs that may affect theophylline metabolism to be considered.
Слайд 8ARE DIVIDED INTO
Делятся на
Gallbladder are divided into two major types:
cholesterol stoned and pigment stones.
Слайд 9ARE CLASSIFIED INTO
классифицируется на
Gastrinomas are classified into sporadic tumors and
those associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN).
Слайд 10ARE CLASSIFIED AS
Классифицируются как
Strategies for predicting and preventing SCD (sudden
cardiac death) are classified as primary and secondary.
Слайд 11FALL INTO (categories)
Попадают в (категории)
This drugs are fallen into four
main categories.
Слайд 13A SYNDROME is:
a set of medical signs and symptoms
collection of diseases which are
not correlated with each other and often associated with a
particular disease or disorder.
Слайд 14Acute Brain Syndrome
What is Acute Brain Syndrome ?
Delirium
Confusion
Disorientation
Developing suddenly in
a person who was previously psychologically normal.
Слайд 15Acute Brain Syndrome
Causes:
Brain injury due to trauma
Breathing conditions
Cardiovascular disorders
Degenerative disorders
Infections
- Septicemia, Encephalitis or Meningitis
Слайд 17Acute Brain Syndrome
Diagnosis and Tests:
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Computed tomography (CT) Scan of
Brain
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Brain
Lumbar Puncture
Слайд 18Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is hypertension in the hepatic portal system – made up of the portal
vein and its branches, that drain from most of the intestine
to the liver.Cirrhosis is the most common cause of portal hypertension; other, less frequent causes are therefore grouped as non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Слайд 19Portal hypertension
Prehepatic causes:
Portal vein thrombosis
Splenic vein thrombosis
Arteriovenous fistula
Splenomegaly (increased portal blood flow)
Слайд 20Portal hypertension
Hepatic causes:
Cirrhosis of any cause.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Chronic pancreatitis
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Schistosomiasis
Congenital hepatic
fibrosis
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia
Fibrosis of space of Disse
Fatty liver disease
Granulomatous or infiltrative
liver diseases (Gaucher, mucopolysaccharidosis, sarcoidosis, lymphoproliferative malignancies, amyloid deposition, etc.)Toxicity (from arsenic, copper, vinyl chloride monomers, mineral oil, vitamin A, azathioprine, dacarbazine, methotrexate, amiodarone etc.)
Viral hepatitis
Veno-occlusive disease
Слайд 21Portal hypertension
Posthepatic causes:
Inferior vena cava obstruction
Right-sided heart failure, e.g. from constrictive
pericarditis
Budd–Chiari syndrome also known as hepatic vein thrombosis
Слайд 22Portal hypertension
Signs and symptoms:
Ascites
Increased spleen size (splenomegaly) and spleen function
(hypersplenism), which may lead to lower platelet counts (thrombocytopenia)
Anorectal varices
Swollen veins
of the oesophagus (oesophageal varices), which may bleed and cause vomiting of blood (haematemesis)Swollen veins on the anterior abdominal wall (sometimes referred to as caput medusae)
Слайд 24Portal hypertension
Diagnosis:
Ultrasonography (US): a dilated portal vein (diameter of greater than
13mm) is a sign of portal hypertension
On Doppler ultrasonography, a slow
velocity of <16 cm/s in addition to dilatation in the main portal vein are diagnostic of portal hypertension.The hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement has been accepted as the gold standard for assessing the severity of portal hypertension. Portal hypertension is defined as HVPG greater than or equal to 5 mm Hg and is considered to be clinically significant when HVPG exceeds 10 to 12 mm Hg
Слайд 25Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
What is a Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ?
HPS is a disease process
with a triad of:
Liver disease
Pulmonary vascular dilatation
Gas exchange
abnormality presenting with increased Alveolar–arterial gradient on room air( sitting, at rest), that results a gradient on room air (sitting, at rest), that results ultimately in hypoxemia. 
Слайд 28Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
Cause(s) :
Chronic and acute liver failure can cause formation
of microscopic intrapulmonary arteriovenous dilations.
Symptoms :
Shortness of breath
Hypoxemia
Слайд 29Metabolic Syndrome
What is a Metabolic Syndrome ?
Metabolic syndrome is the malfunctioning
of energy utilization and storage. It is diagnosed by the
presence of three out of five of the following medical conditions:Abdominal obesity
Elevated blood pressure
High serum triglycerides
Elevated fasting plasma glucose
Low levels of HDL (High density lipoproteins)
Слайд 30Metabolic Syndrome
Cause(s) :
Stress
Overweight and obesity
Inactive or sedentary lifestyle
Aging
Diabetes mellitus type
2
Coronary heart disease
Lipodystrophy
Rheumatic diseases
Eating disorders
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
Слайд 31Metabolic Syndrome
Symptoms :
Central obesity (abdominal obesity, visceral obesity or apple-shaped
obesity)
High blood pressure
Decreased HDL cholesterol
Elevated triglyceride levels
Insulin resistance
Impaired fasting glucose
Fatty
liverPolycystic ovarian syndrome
erectile dysfunction
Hyperuricemia
Слайд 33Metabolic Syndrome
Diagnosis and Tests :
Central obesity - waist circumference greater
than 102 cm or 40 inches in male and greater
than 88 cm or 35 inches in femaleBlood pressure more than 130/85
Serum total cholesterol
Blood glucose levels
Glucose tolerance test in prediabetics
High-Sensitivity C-reactive protein (used as a marker to predict coronary vascular diseases)
Слайд 34Malabsorption Syndrome
What is a Malabsorption Syndrome ?
A number of disorders in
which the ability to absorb certain nutrients such as vitamin
B12 and iron, into the bloodstream is difficult. Proteins, carbohydrates, fats and nutrients in the small intestine are not absorbed properly in the small intestine, resulting in various deficiency disorders.
Слайд 35Malabsorption Syndrome
Causes:
Inflammation, disease or injury to the lining of stomach
and intestine
Body’s failure to produce enzymes required for digestion of
some foodThe above conditions are caused by factors such as: Antibiotic use
Dairy protein allergies
Conditions affecting intestine such as celiac disease, chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis
Congenital birth defects of the gall bladder, liver or pancreas
Radiation therapy causing injury to the mucosal lining of the bowel
Food poisoning, parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract
Bacterial infections such as Whipple’s disease
Слайд 37Malabsorption Syndrome
Symptoms:
Deficiency of certain nutrients cause specific symptoms:
Fats deficiency -
Foul smelling, light coloured stools that are soft and bulky
Deficiency
of proteins - Fluid retention, dry hair, hair lossExcessive sugar absorption: Flatulence, explosive diarrhea
Vitamin malabsorption: Malnutrition, muscle wasting, anemia, low blood pressure
Слайд 38Meigs Syndrome
What is a Meigs Syndrome ?
Meigs syndrome presents as a
triad of ascites, pleural effusion and benign ovarian tumor. The
ovarian tumor can be in the form of fibroma, Brenner tumour or granulosa cell tumour.
Слайд 39Meigs Syndrome
Causes: Unknown
Symptoms :
Fatigue
Dyspnea (difficulty in breathing) usually on exertion
Weigth gain
Swollen
abdomen
Non-productive cough
Irregular menstruation or amenorrhea for premenopausal women
Слайд 41Premenstrual Syndrome
What is a Premenstrual Syndrome ?
The collection of physical and
emotional symptoms a woman presents during a part of her
menstrual cycle are called premenstrual syndrome. Specific symptoms may vary in each individual but a particular woman’s pattern of symptoms is predictable.Causes:
Hormonal changes during menstrual cycle
Chemical changes in brain during stress and emotional problems
Changes in the levels of vitamins, minerals and high sodium content cause water retention and bloating
Family history of depression
Слайд 42Premenstrual Syndrome
Emotional:
Stress, anxiety, mood swings
Crying spells
Food cravings
Insomnia
Social withdrawal
Poor concentration
Physical:
Changes in
libido
Abdominal bloating
Weight gain and water retention
Lower back pain
Swelling or tenderness
in breastsAbdominal cramps
Constipation or diarrhea
Joint or muscle pain
Cyclic acne
Symptoms:
Слайд 43Reactive Arthritis
What is a Reactive Arthritis ?
Reactive Arthritis is a chronic
type of arthritis which exists as a combination of arthritis,
inflammation of the eyes (conjunctiva) and inflammation of the genital, urinary or gastrointestinal systems.Causes:
Reaction to infection in another part of the body, usually the knees, ankles, spine and feet
Sexually transmitted disease can be a trigger
Genetic mutation
Слайд 44Reactive Arthritis
Symptoms :
Arthritis symptoms: Pain, swelling, redness and stiffness of
joints, usually involving
Conjunctivitis: Mild inflammation of the eye
Uveitis (inflammation of
the eye)Pain or burning during urination and frequent urge to urinate due to urinary tract infection, may include inflammation of prostate or cervix
Painless ulcers on penis and pus drainage from penis
Pus-filled sores on palms, mouth, soles and penis
Small nodule rashes on soles of feet
Heart problems seen in about 10% of persons affected with Reactive Arthritis
Слайд 46Drug withdrawal
Drug withdrawal is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt
discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs.
In order for the
symptoms of withdrawal to occur, one must have first developed a form of drug dependence. This may occur as physical dependence, psychological dependence or both. Drug dependence develops from consuming one or more substances over a period of time. Dependence arises in a dose-dependent manner and produces withdrawal symptoms that vary with the type of drug that is consumed.
Слайд 47Drug withdrawal
Withdrawal symptoms from opiates include anxiety, sweating, vomiting, and
diarrhea.
Alcohol withdrawal symptoms include irritability, fatigue, shaking, sweating, and
nausea. Withdrawal from nicotine can cause irritability, fatigue, insomnia, headache, and difficulty concentrating.
Many prescription and legal nonprescription substances can also cause withdrawal symptoms when individuals stop consuming them, even if they were taken as directed by a physician.
Слайд 49Munchausen Syndrome
What is a Munchausen Syndrome ?
A Psychiatric disorder in which
the person feigns illness or disease to draw attention or
sympathy.
Слайд 50Munchausen Syndrome
Cause(s) :
Psychological disturbances due to abuse or neglect as
a child
History of frequent illnesses requiring hospitalization
Слайд 52Munchausen Syndrome
Symptoms :
Inconsistent and dramatic medical history
Unclear symptoms that become
more severe or change as the treatment begins
Relapses of the
symptoms after treatment, the relapses are predictable and consistent with certain events that makes the person feels neglected.The person knows most of the medical terminology and textbook descriptions of the illnesses
If the tests results are negative for certain illness, then additional symptoms appear
Symptoms manifest only in the presence of others or certain people
Eager to get medical tests, operations, etc.
Problems with identity or self-esteem
Слайд 53Pica Syndrome
What is a Pica Syndrome?
Pica disorder refers to appetite for
eating non-edible and non-nutritive substances such as chalk, paint, sand,
etc. This appetite persisting more than one month at the age where eating such objects is considered to be developmentally inappropriate.Causes:
Mineral deficiency (deficiency of iron, calcium etc)
Chemical imbalance
Parasitosis
Celiac disease
Hookworm infection
Слайд 55Restless Legs Syndrome
What is a Restless Legs Syndrome?
Restless legs syndrome is
a neurological disorder that is characterized by an irresistible urge
to move one’s body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations, like aching muscles, tickling sensation, itching or crawling feeling. Moving the affected body part provides temporary relief. The sensations typically occur mostly during relaxing, reading, studying or trying to sleep.Causes:
Genetic - inheritance in an autosomal dominant gene
Iron deficiency found to be associated
Side-effects of medications such as antidepressants, antihistamines
Dysfunction related to neurotransmitter dopamine
Слайд 56Restless Legs Syndrome
Symptoms :
About 40% of members have their first
symptoms before the age of 20 years Urge to move the
legs due to some uncomfortable sensations like pain, electrical current, “pins and needles”, itching, feeling of crawling or “falling asleep”. Some people report the urge to move their arms and other parts of the body also.Motor restlessness
Worsening of symptoms when relaxed and during quiet wakefulness
The restlessness is an urge similar to yawning. The individuals have higher rates of depression and anxiety
Слайд 57Restless Legs Syndrome
Diagnosis and Tests :
No specific diagnostic tests
Clinical examination
History
of restlessness, not associated with anxiety
US National Institutes of Health
criteria for diagnosis (2003) -
An urge to move the limbs with or without sensations.Relief of the uncomfortable sensation with increase in activity.
Worsening of symptoms during quiet time or rest-time.
Worsening of symptoms in the evening or night.
Слайд 58Serotonin Syndrome
What is a Serotonin Syndrome ?
A collection of symptoms in
response to excess serotonin on the central or peripheral nervous
system. The symptoms include cognitive, autonomic and somatic effects. Serotonin is a chemical synthesized in the body to enable brain cells and nerve cells to communicate with one another. Too much of it can cause excessive nerve cell activity.Causes:
Medications such as antidepressants, that affect the body’s level of serotonin
Opioids
Psychedelics
Слайд 59Serotonin Syndrome
Symptoms :
Agitation or restlessness
Dilated pupils
Changes in blood pressure or
temperature
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Increased heart rate
Tremor, twitching of muscles
Shivering and goose
bumpsConfusion
In severe cases:
High fever
Seizures
Irregular heartbeat
Excessive sweating
Unconsciousness
Слайд 62Tumor Lysis Syndrome
What is Tumor Lysis Syndrome ?
A group of metabolic
complications that can occur after treatment of cancer, usually lymphomas
and leukemias. They can sometimes occur without treatment.Cause:
Breakdown of tumour or cancer cells
Слайд 63Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Symptoms :
Hyperkalemia (High potassium levels in blood)
Cardiac conduction
abnormalities
Severe muscle weakness or paralysis
Hyperphosphatemia (High phosphate levels)
Acute kidney failure
Calcium
phosphate crystals in kidneyHypocalcemia (low levels of calcium)
Tetany (involuntary contraction of muscles)
Sudden mental incapacity, emotional lability
Parkinsonian movement disorders
Papilledema (Optic disc swelling caused by intracranial pressure)
Myopathy (disease of muscles)
Слайд 64Great job! You’ve deserved to take a break and have
some fun
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